Inaugural souvenir, 1901

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The Librai^y of^ COiVORp^ss,

LiuFiA-iii^xTsf "s Of'i'ioi-:,

TlIlJ LlUUARiAN OF C'ONGHESS,
WxSlilNOTON, D. C

\VA.sni>roTON, D. C.

Sir :

Through the courtesy of the Inaugural Committee, the Library of
Congress has been provided with a few copies of the Inaugural Sou-
venir containing a brief description of the Inaugural ceremonies of
the past one hundred years.

The authorities of the Library take pleasure in presenting a
copy to your Library and one has been sent you by registered mail.

Very respectfully,

Librarian of Congress.
To the Librarian,

W«C'«&V.v V^.<^"'

I

•^»0\j^i\\j^y

[naugural ^^uvenir
1901

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.vJ

Copyright J90i by
THE INAUGURAL COMMITTEE

PRESS OF W. F. ROBERTS

WASHINGTON

MCMI

V

^*"^S the present Inaugural celebrates
^^ t the beginning of a second century
^ of Presidential terms of office, it
" was thought appropriate to have
the Souvenir, at this time, contain
a brief description of the ceremonies of the past
one hundred years* These have been edited from ^
material to be found in the Library of G)ngress.
The portraits are reproductions of steel plate engrav-
ings from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing,

^85084

/

OB" XHX

■DTNIVERSITY

GEORGE WASHINGTON

Virginia

J732-J799

was resolved** by Gjngress convened at
New York in Old Federal Hall, April 29,
J 789, ** to attend the installation of the Presi-
dent of the United States at twelve o*cIock
to-morrow in the Senate Room, and afterward
to attend him to Divine Service at St. PauFs Church./*
Accordingly, General Washington, seated in a carriage
with G)IoneI Humphreys, his aide-de-camp, and Tobias Lear,
his private secretary, was escorted from Governor CIinton*s
residence to Congress Hall with military and civic honors.
** To the end that the oath of office may be administered in
the most public manner,** Vice-President Adams, sworn in
on April 20th, conducted General Washington to **the outer
gallery ** after being formally received by both Houses of
Qjngress. Qianceflor Robert R. Livingston then admin-
istered the oath of office, after which President Washington
returned to the Senate Chamber and delivered his inaugural
address. Shortly afterward the whole assembly attended
him to St. Paul*s Church where prayers were read by
Bishop Samuel Provost.

The day was given up to rejoicings, and at night there
was a brilliant display of fire-works.

General Webb, Colonel Smith, Lieutenant-Colonel Fish,
Lieutenant-Colonel Franks, Major L*Enfant, Major Bleecker
and Mr. Livingston served as assistants to the Senate and
House Committees on the Inaugural Ceremonies.

SECOND TERM
On March 4, \ 793, in response to summons. Congress
assembled in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., where
President Washington was sworn into office by Judge Will-
iam Gushing of the Supreme Court, after which the President
retired, **as he had come without pomp or ceremony.**

JOHN ADAMS

Massachusetts

J735-J825

According to a notice received from

;>^*1 * President-elect Adams, both Houses of G)n-

^ gress met in the House of Representatives,

^ Congress Hall, Philadelphia, Pa,, on March 4,

^^"*5LjJ J 79 7, at twelve o^clock to witness his inau-

guration. This event was especially interesting since the
assembly for the first time welcomed into private life their
honored Ex-President, and witnessed the elevation of his
successor. Mn Adams occupied the Speaker's chair ; Vice-
President Jefferson, General Washington and Secretary of
the Senate were seated on his right ; the Speaker and Clerk
of the House on his left, and Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth
and the Associate Judges at a table in the center. There
were present also the foreign Ministers and Ambassadors,
the Heads of the Departments, and General Wilkinson, the
Commander-in-Chief* The ladies added to the dignity of
the scene, occupying seats on the floor of the House* At
the appointed time Mr* Adams arose and read his inaugural
address, after which he was sworn in by the Chief Justice*

Upon retiring he was followed by Vice-President Jefferson,
as arranged by the Ex-President, and escorted to his home*

In the evening all was festivity and joy, particularly
when the merchants of Philadelphia banqueted Ex-President
Washington on his retirement from public life* ** The
remains of this f esitval were sent to the prisoners in the goal
and to the sick in the hospital that the unfortunate and
afflicted might also rejoice upon the occasion*'*

UNIVERSITY

THOMAS JEFFERSON

Virginia

I743-J825

jHE scat of government was removed from
Philadelphia to Washington in J 800, shortly
before the north wing of the Capitol was com-
pleted. On March 4, 180 J, at twelve o'clock,
in accordance with summons from the
President-elect, Congress met to honor the first inauguration
held in Washington. **The scene was the same as exhibited
upon former occasions.**

At twelve o'clock Thomas Jefferson attended by a
number of his fellow citizens, among whom were many
Members of Congress, repaired to the Capitol. As he
entered a salute was given by the artillery. On making
his appearance in the Senate Chamber he was conducted to
the presiding officer's chair. Vice-President Burr was
seated on his right; Chief Justice John Marshall on his left.
After the delivery of his inaugural address the Chief Justice
administered the oath of office. Later he was escorted to
his lodgings although the ^^President's Palace" was at his
disposal. The remainder of the day was devoted to pur-
poses of festivity, and at night there was general illumination.
Ex-President Adams was conspicuous by his absence.
A study of the newspapers does not confirm the
traditional account of the democratic manner in which
Mr. Jefferson made his way to and from the Capitol.

SECOND TERM

On March 4, 1805, after delivering his inaugural
address. President Jefferson was sworn in by Chief Justice
John Marshall, Vice-President Clinton occupying a seat of
honor. Afterwards he was waited upon by a large
assemblage.

The employees of the Navy Yard marched to military
music displaying with considerable taste the various insignia
of their profession.

>-"■»■ ma
tTNrVERSITY

JAMES MADISON
Virginia

HE morning of March 4, J 809, was welcomed
by salutes from the Navy Yard and Fort
Warburton.

The Senate convened at eleven o'clock in
the Chamber of the House of Representatives^
but Vice-President Qinton was not present to be qualified*
Governor Milledge served as President pro tempore. The
Senators were soon joined by President Jefferson, Judges
of the Supreme Court, Members of the House, Foreign
Ministers, and Heads of the Departments* A short time
before twelve o'clock Mr. Madison left his house, *M5J8 H
Street, Northwest,'' under military escort.

At the appointed time he entered the House of Represen-
tatives attended by the Secretary of Treasury, Secretary of
the Navy, the Attorney-General and Mr. Coles, Secretary of
President Jefferson, and was conducted to the elevated
chair. He then delivered his address, after which Chief
Justice John Marshall solemnly administered the oath of
office. On leaving the Capitol President Madison passed
between lines drawn up by militia of the District before
entering his carriage, and was escorted home the same
way he came.

In the evening there was a grand ball at Long's HoteL
SECOND TERM.

On March 4, J8J3, he took the oath of office admin-
istered by Chief Justice John Marshall in the House of
Representatives, Vice-President Gerry presiding. He was
escorted to and from the Capitol by the cavalry of the
District of Columbia.

** In the evening there was a splendid assembly at Davis
HoteL"

JAMES MONROE

Virginia

J758-I83J

HE ceremony and spectacle attendant upon
the installation of President-elect Monroe on
March 4, 1817, were simple and impressive*
At eleven thirty a. m., in company with
Vice-President-elect Tompkins, he left his
residence escorted by a large cavalcade of citizens on horse-
back. They reached the Gjngress Hall a little before twelve
o'clock. At the same time President Madison arrived together
with the Judges of the Supreme Court and entered the
Senate Chamber where the Vice-President was inaugurated,
after which they accompanied Mr, Monroe to an elevated
portico. Here he delivered his address. The oath of office
was administered by Chief Justice John Marshall, It was
announced by a single gun, followed by salutes of artillery.
On his return home President and Mrs, Monroe received
the visits of their friends.

The evening concluded with a ball at Davis HoteL

SECOND TERM

Notwithstanding the inclement weather an immense
crowd thronged the doors of the Capitol on March 5, 182 J,
when President Monroe was installed in the House of
Representatives after the inauguration of Vice-President
Tompkins, Chief Justice John Marshall stood on the left
of the President while he delivered his address. As soon as
the Chief Justice administered the oath of office, a salute of
artillery was heard from Fort Warburton,

At the close of this impressive ceremony the Marine
Band played the National Air of **Hail, Columbia** whilst
the President received the congratulations of his fellow-
citizens.

"0"'^ RSITY

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS

Massachusetts

J767-J848

3 T was eleven o'clock in the morning when
the retiring President caDed at the residence
of the President-elect **i333 F Street, North-
west/' on the site occupied by the Adams
Building* Mr* Adams was escorted to the
Capitol by cavalry, several companies of militia and a caval-
cade of citizens* He was seated in a carriage with the
Secretary of the Navy and Attorney General. Additional
honor was paid him on entering the Capitol by the U* S*
Marine Corps commanded by Col. Henderson* The Senate
was in session, John G Calhoun having been recently
sworn into office as Vice-President* On adjournment they
proceeded to the House of Representatives, now known as
Statuary Hall. Mr* Adams after occupying the Speaker's
chair, arose and read his inaugural address. At its con-
clusion Chief Justice John Marshall administered the oath of
office as prescribed by the Constitution. This was the
signal for salutes of artillery from without* Among those
who extended their hearty congratulations were Ex-President
Adams, his father, and General Jackson, his political
opponent*

On leaving the Capitol, President Adams passed in
review the military companies, and returned to his residence
with the same procession which accompanied him to the
Capitol* Later he called upon the venerable Ex-President
Moi^oe who still occupied the President's House.

In the evening the inaugural ball was held at Carusi's
Hall*

TJNIV-ERSITY

ANDREW JACKSON

Tennessee

J767-1845

^^^^f^EBSTER in speaking of the attendance at
f[zj^\!i ! the inauguration of Andrew Jackson on
I March 4, J 829, said ''I never saw such
a crowd here before* Persons have come
five hundred miles to see the General/*
There was no military escort* Survivors of the Revolution
presented themselves at Gadsby's Hotel about eleven o'clock
in the morning to do the honors* Soon afterwards he rode
alone in an open carriage to the Capitol accompanied by his
suite and supported by the Marshal of the District and
Colonel Nathan Towson, followed by the ** Immortals of
Washington/* John C Calhoun had been installed as
Vice-President* At half past eleven o'clock General Jackson
made his appearance in the Senate attended by the Marshal
of the District and the Committee of Arrangements* Half
an hour later the Senate adjourned, and a procession was
formed to the eastern portico, where for the first time a
President-elect delivered his inaugural address before the
people* On concluding his speech, the oath of office was
administered by Chief Justice John Marshall* Amidst the
din of artillery salutes, answered from the forts, the President
retired in procession to the President's Mansion where were
gathered an uproarious crowd*

At the inaugural ball a great crowd assembled*
President Adams was not in attendance at the installation
services*

SECOND TERM

At twelve o'clock on March 4, 1833, President Jackson
and Vice-President-elect Van Buren entered the Hall of
Representatives and received the oath of office adminis-
tered by Chief Justice John Marshall, after which they retired
without any escort, receiving as they went the congratula-
tions of a great multitude*

XTNIVERSITT

MARTIN VAN BUREN

New York

J 782- 1 862

jOR the purpose of attending the installation
services of Martin Van Buren, the retiring
Chief Magistrate at noon of March 4, J 837,
rode with his former Vice-President from the
White House to the Capitol in the beautiful
phaeton built of the wood of the frigate Constitution, presented
by the Democracy of New York as an expression of its
devotion to ^*OId Hickory/* They were preceded by a
splendid escort of cavalry and infantry. To the strains of
martial music the procession moved along Pennsylvania
Avenue. A great crowd had coflected at the east front of
the CapitoL It was with great difficulty that the ** Hero of
New Orleans'* and the President-elect made their way
through the throng. They were conducted to the Senate
Chamber where Vice-President Johnson had been recently
inaugurated, and after being formafly received they led the
way, accompanied by members of the Senate and Cabinet,
and Diplomatic Corps, to the rostrum in front of the east
portico of the CapitoL After the delivery of his inaugural
address in the presence of twenty thousand spectators, and
the administration of the oath of office by Chief Justice
Roger B. Taney, President Van Buren was escorted to his
residence by Captain Mason's dragoons and Captains Blake's
and Bronaugh's infantry. He permitted General Jackson
to occupy the White House until his departure, a few days
later, to the **Hcrmitage" in Tennessee, "day and Webster
were present at the inauguration with open and cheerful
countenance."

In the evening there was a grand ball at Carusi's HaH^
now Keman's Theater.

Of T.MM

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON

Ohio

J773-J84J

|HE campaign of J 840 was bitterly contested. It
gave rise to the formation of political clubs*
There was only needed the day of March
4f J 84 J, when General Harrison was to be
instafled, to further manifest the popular
enthusiasm. As a result its program was the
first one similar to that of recent inaugurations. Fully 75,000
people were present. The Whigs of Baltimore presented to
file President-elect a coach for his use in the procession,
but he preferred riding on horseback* General Harrison,
at eleven o'clock, a* m., joined the procession on its way
to the Capitol, as it passed Mayor Seaton's residence.

Among the many officials, military and political organi-
zaiions in the parade were the soldiers who fought under
General Harrison, and members of the Harrisburg ODnven-
tion. The floats of **Log Cabins'* were an interesting
feature. After being received into the Senate chamber, where
Vice-President Tvler was sworn in, President-elect Harrison
was escorted to tnc rostrum in front of the east portico of the
Capitol* Here General Harrison received the oath of office
from Chief Justice Roger B. Taney. Later in the afternoon
a pubKc reception was held in the White House* President
Harrison attended three balls in the evening*

JOHN TYLER

Virginia

J790-J862

President Harrison died on April 4, I84t* Immediately
a notification was sent to Vice-President Tyler at Williams-
burg, Va., over the signatures of Daniel Webster, Secretary
of State, and other members of the Cabinet, in whose presence
the oath of office as President was administered two days
later in Washington* The oaA of office taken was
attested the same day by Chief Judge Cranch of the Circuit
Court of the District of Columbia.

^

JAMES KNOX POLK

Tennessee

\795-n49

NCLEMENT weather interfered somewhat
with the celebration of the inauguration of
President-elect Polk on March 4, J845»
Every quarter of the Union was represented^
and all parties joined in the appropriate
observance of the day* At ten o'clock in the morning
the procession was formed in front of Coleman's Hotel,
now the National, under the direction of Chief Marshal
McCalla* It comprised several military organizations,
notably the Independent Blues of Baltimore; Veterans of
the Revolution ; Qergy of the District ; members of Presi-
dent Tyler's Cabinet ; Judges of the Supreme Court; Diplo-
matic Corps; members of the Twenty -sixth Congress;
Empire Qub of New York; members of the Baltimore
Convention of J 844, and professors and students of George-
town Coflege* President Tyler and President-elect Polk
rode together in an open carriage which was flanked by the
Fairfax Cavalry. An hour later the parade moved along
Pennsylvania Avenue towards the CapitoL About the same
time the Senate had convened for the purpose of installing
Vice-President-elect Dallas* Shortly after these ceremonies
were ended President Tyler and President-elect Polk entered
the Senate chamber* In company with Ex-President J* Q*
Adams they were escorted to the eastern portico of the
Capitol where the President-elect delivered his inaugural
address, at the conclusion of which the oath of office was
administered by Chief Justice Roger B* Taney.

The usual public reception was held at the White House
on the arrival of President Polk from the Capitol.

Inaugural balls were held in the evening at the National
Theater, Carusi's Saloon and Washington Assembly Rooms.

'^B R A n ^

^K in*

ZACHARY TAYLOR

Louisiana

J784-J850

HE inauguration of General Zachary Taylor
took place March 5, J 849, at nine o'clock a. m.
One hundred Marshals of the parade paid
their respect to the President-elect at Willard's
HoteL The military escort comprised com-
panies from Baltimore, Washingfton, George-
town and LaureL The ** Baltimore Defenders/* who took
part in the defense of that city in J8J4, honored the ** Hero
of the Mexican War ** with tneir presence* The President-
elect rode in a carriage drawn by four grey horses. With
him were seated Ex-Speaker Winthrop of the House and the
Mayor of Washington, The procession moved at half past
eleven o'clock* President Polk entered the General's carriage
and occupied a seat to his right when the parade halted in
front of Irving's Hotel, northeast comer of Twelfth Street
and Pennsylvania Avenue, where the retiring President
was sojourning* At half past twelve o'clock the Presi-
dent and President-elect arrived at the east front of the
Capitol and were escorted to the Senate Chamber, Vice-
President Fillmore having been installed by Senator Atchison
of Missouri* Later a second procession was formed to the
eastern portico of the Capitol where General Taylor delivered
his inaugural address in the presence of 20,000 people* Chief
Justice Roger B* Taney administered the oath of office, after
which the President was escorted to the White House. In
the evening military and civil balls were held at Carusi's,
Jackson Hall and Qty Hall Saloon, which were attended by
the President*

MILLARD FILLMORE

New York

J800-1874

President Taylor died on July 9, 1850, and in accordance
with summons from Vice-President Fillmore both Houses of
CcMigress assembled in the Hall of the House of Representa-
tives at twelve o'clock on the day following when the oath
of office as President was administered to Mr. Fillmore by
Chief Judge William Cranch of the Circuit Court*

^^rvERsxry

FRANKLIN PIERCE

New Hampshire

J804-J869

HE morning of March 4, J 853, when Presi-
dent-elect Pierce was inaugurated, was spent
by the various military and political organi-
zations in marching through the different
sections of the Gty, headed by their favorite
bands. At noon the procession moved along Pennsylvania
Avenue to the Capitol, halting in front of Williard's Hotel
to receive General Pierce who was seated with President
Fillmore in a barouche presented by his Boston friends.
There were in line the Marshals, Judiciary, Clergy, twenty-
two Military Companies, ^Vlarines, Governmental and State
Officials, Foreign Ministers, Diplomatic Corps, Visiting Gvic
and Political Organizations. At one o'clock p. m» the parade
arrived at the Capitol* After being escorted to the Senate,
President Fillmore and General Pierce were conducted to a
platform in front of the eastern portico of the Capitol where
the President-elect delivered his inaugural address without
manuscript At its close Chief Justice Roger B* Taney
administered the oath of office.

Later a public reception was held in the White House.
Vice-President-elect King was absent on account of illness*
It was hoped that a winter residence in Cuba might improve
his health* **As near as could be calculated he was taking
the oath of office at a plantation on the hills above Mantanza
at the same time that President-elect Pierce was being pre-
sented to the United States Senate, in the Senate Chamber
at Washington. United States Consul Rodney at the Cuban
port, performed the office of administering the oath to the
Vice-President-elect.** Mr. King did not live to enjoy the
honor of the Vice-Presidency*

JAMES BUCHANAN
Pennsylvania

|RESIDENT-cIect Buchanan was inaugu-
rated March 4, J857» The enthusiasm
created by the military and civic organi-
zations in their marching and counter^
marching was never equalled on former
occasions. Large delegations poured in from Maryland^
Pennsylvania and Virginia^ The attendance was double
that at the inauguration of Pierce. Major General Quitman
as Marshal-in-Chief headed the parade formed at noon.
The procession comprised the usual civic and military
organizations. President Pierce and President-elect Buchanan
were seated in an open carriage with Senator Bigler of
Pennsylvania and Senator Foot of Vermont* On arriving
at the Capitol the presidential party was escorted to the
Senate chamber where was witnessed the installation of
Vice-President-elect Breckenridge, Senator Bright admin-
istering the oath of office. A few minutes later the same
party was conducted to the platform in front of the eastern
portico of the Capitol where 40,000 people were gathered
to witness the solemn ceremonies.

After the delivery of President-elect Buchanan's inaugu-
ral address, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney administered the
oath of office* Under military escort President Buchanan
made his way to the White House*

A notable feature of the evening was the inaugural ball
which likewise surpassed any previous effort* A large hall
was constructed for the occasion on Judiciary Square.
Supper was served at mid-night* President Buchanan and
Ex-President Pierce joined in the festivity.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

Illinois
1809-J865

lEBRUARY n, 186 J, President-elect Lincoln
left Springfield, III., for Washing^ton, to be
inaugurated on March 4th. His parting
words to his feflow-townsmen expressed the
critical situation of the times: **I leave, not
knowing when or whether ever I may return,
with a task before me greater than that which rested upon
Washington/' Mr. Lincoln arrived on February 23d.

The program for the procession was arranged by Generals
Scott, Sumner and Stone. President Buchanan, Senators
Baker and Pierce were seated in the same carriage with the
President-elect. The presidential partv with its body guard
of cavalry, infantry ana riflemen formea the head of the parade
which moved about 12.30 P» m. At J. 15p.m. the President-
elect entered the Senate. The swearing-in of Vice-president
Hamlin was soon performed, after which Mr. Lincoln was
escorted to the east portico. After the delivery of his inaugu-
ral address. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney administered the
oath of office in presence of 30,000 people.

Inaugural ball was given in the evening in a building
temporarily erected on Judiciary Square.

SECOND TERM
The inauguration took place March, 4, 1 865. Vice-Presi-
dent-elect Johnson was installed on the arrival of President
Lincoln in the Senate Chamber. Later being escorted to
the eastern portico of the Capitol the President delivered a
a short inaugural address. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase
administereothe oath of office. An inaugural ball was given
on evening of March 6th in the Model Room of Patent CSf ice.

ANDREW JOHNSON

Tennessee
J808-J875
Vice-President Johnson was informed by the members
of the Cabinet of President Lincoln's death on April 15, J 865.
Chief Justice Chase administered the oath of office to the
Vice-President at Kirkwood Hotel at eleven o'clock on the
same day, in the presence of the Cabinet officers and several
senators.

ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT

Illinois

J822-I885

HE morning of March 4^ J 869, on which day-
General (Sant was inaugurated President,
did not promise propitious weather for its
celebration. The popularity of the Presi-
dent-elect, as well as the confidence in his
ability to solve the difficult state questions,
brought to Washington a greater number of people than
ever assembled at previous inaugurations. The procession
comprised eight divisions, military and civic organizations,
under the direction of Chief Marshal Webb* At 10.50
a* m.. General Grant rode in an open carriage with General
Rawlings from his headquarters, corner &venteenth and
F streets, followed in carriages by members of his late staff,
and Vice-President-elect Couax. Later they joined the pro-
cession on Pennsylvania avenue, and at U o'clock a move-
ment was made in direction of the CapitoL Precisely at
\2 o'clock General Grant accompanied by Senator Cragin
entered the Senate chamber, and shortly afterwards was
escorted to the east portico of the CapitoL After the oath
of office was administered by Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase,
General Grant delivered his inaugural address*

The inaugural ball was held in the north wing of the
Treasury buflding.

SECOND TERM

The inauguration took place on March 4, J 8 73. The
same enthusiasm was manifested as on previous occasion.
General Grant was seated in a carriage with Senators
Sprague, Logan and Bayard. During the ceremonies the
President occupied the chair used at the first installation of
President Washington. Vice-President Wilson had been
installed. The oam of office was again admininistered by
Qiief Justice Chase, after which the inaugural address was
delivered by President Grant.

The inaugural ball was held at night in a hall constructed
for the occasion at an expense of $40,000 in Judiciary Square.

RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES

Ohio

J822-I893

[RESIDENT- elect Hayes was inaugurated
publicly March 5, J877, the legal day
falling on Sunday, but ** as a matter of
precaution he took the oath of office in
the red parlor of the White House, on
Saturday evening March 3d at seven o'clock in the presence
of General Grant and two or three others, Chief Justice
Waite administering the oath/* While there was no elabo-
rate preparation for the day, still the pageant was in every
respect worthy of admiration. The parade was made up
of six divisions, military and civic organizations. The
President-elect and his cofleague Mr. Wheeler in company
with their friends were driven to the White House about
ten o'clock a. m, where they were received by General
Grant* At the same time the procession was being formed
under the direction of Chief Marshal Whipple* The parade
arrived at the Capitol at U.SO a. m.» At twelve o'clock
noon President-elect Hayes, President Grant and Cabinet
entered the Senate Chamber where Vice -President -elect
Wheeler had been previously instafled* The presidential
party was shortly afterwards escorted to the east portico of
the Capitol where the President-elect delivered his inaugural
address, at the conclusion of which Chief Justice M. R.
Waite administered the oath of office*

At 2*30 p. m. a sumptuous lunch was served in the
family dining room of the White House in honor of its new
incumbents* There was no public reception.

In the evening there was a great torch-light procession,
and a reception to president Hayes in Willard's Hotel under
the auspices of the Columbus Cadets.

JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD

Ohio

I83I-J88I

|RESE)ENT- elect Garfield was inaugu-
rated March 4, J 88 J. In the carriage
seated with him in the first division of
the procession were President Hayes,
Senators Thurman and Bayard, foflowed
hy Vice -President -elect Arthur and Senator Pendleton*
General W» T, Sherman was grand marshal It was \2
o^cIock noon when the Vice-President-elect was escorted
into the Senate chamber, where in the presence of the for-
eign and state officials, judiciary, presidential party, etc*, he
was sworn in by Vice-President Wheeler, ^er which a
second procession was formed to the eastern portico of the
Capitol where the inaugural address was delivered. Chief
Justice M. R. Waite administered the oath of office. On
President Garfield^s return to the White House, the whole
procession passed in review before the President.

The inaugural ball in the evening was held in the
unfinished Museum building of the Smithsonian Institution.

CHESTER ALAN ARTHUR
New York
I830-J886
Vice-President Arthur was notified of the death of Presi-
dent Garfield on September \9, J 88 J, and was advised by
the members of the Cabinet to take oath of office without
delay* Accordingly at 2 o^cIock p. m. on September 20th,
Judge John R. Brady, of the New York Supreme Court,
administered to him the prescribed oath at his residence in
New York Gty* On Thursday, September 22d, President
Arthur again took the oath of office in the Vice-President's
room of the Capitol, Chief Justice Waite administering the
same. Ex-Presidents Grant and Hayes were present. His
first official act was to proclaim Monday, September 26th,
the day of President Garfield^s funeral and burial, as a day
of humiliation and mourning throughout the United States*

GROVER CLEVELAND
New York
J837
HE inauguration of Grover Cleveland on
March 4, 1885^ signalized the return of the
Democracy to power, and was celebrated
with great spirit, the procession and military-
display being large and imposing.
President-elect Cleveland and Vice-president-elect Hen-
dricks were conducted to the White House about JO o^cIock
a. m, by the Senate Committee of Arrangements, and were
presented to President Arthur by Marshal McMichael* At
I0.30 o^cIock the President and President-elect left the White
House. They were seated in an open carriage with Sena-
tors Sherman and Ransom. The second carriage contained
the Vice-President-elect and Senator Hawley. The Presi-
dent's carriage was preceded by General Slocum, the Chief
Marshal and his staff and a troop of !!♦ S. cavalry at the
head of the first division, foflowed by three other divisions
of militia, political clubs and civic societies. Soon after \ I
o'clock they began their march to the Capitol.

The presidential party was escorted into the Senate
Chamber where Vice-President-elect Hendricks was sworn
in by Senator Edmunds* Precisely at J 2. 30 p. m. the
second procession was formed to the east portico of the
Capitol where President-elect Cleveland delivered his inaugu-
ral address, at the conclusion of which Chief Justice M» R»
"Waite administered the oath of office.

The usual review of the procession by the President
foflowed this ceremony. The inaugural bafl in the
evening was held in the court of the new Pension Office.

SECOND TERM
Inauguration took place March 4, 1893. The military
display, interest in the inaugural ceremonies and attendance
at the evening celebration were greatly in evidence. Chief
Justice M* W. Fufler administered Hie oath of office*

BENJAMIN HARRISON

Indiana

J833

|AIN fell in torrents as .the procession was
formed on the morning of March 4, 1889^
when General Harrison was inaugurated*
Pennsylvania avenue presented a singular
scene^ ** a heaving sea of shining umbrellas
that seemed to form a continuous cover over the pavements/'
Those who took part in the parade numbered about 30,000,-
It was made up of five divisions, comprising the Regulars,
Militia, veteran soldier organizations and civic associations.
Governor James A. Beaver, of Pennsylvania, was the chief
marshal, his chiefs of divisions being Generals Hartranft,.
Foraker and Warren* The Seventieth Indiana, the Presi-
dent-elect's old regiment, served as an escort.

About JO o'clock a, m. the presidential party left the
White House to join the procession on Pennsylvania avenue.
In an open carriage were seated President Qeveland, Presi-
dent-elect Harrison, Senators Hoar and CockreD, foDowed
by Vice-President-elect Morton and Senator Cuflom, They
reached the Capitol at J J, 50 a, m, and were conducted to
the Senate Chamber where the Vice-President-elect was
instafled by Senator Ingalls, At 12.35 p, m. General Harri-
son was ceremoniously escorted through the rotunda to the
platform on the eastern central portico where the oath of
office was administered to him by Chief Justice M, W.
Fufler, after which President Harrison delivered his inaugu-
ral address. On his return to the White House the pro-
cession was reviewed by the President,

The inaugural ball was held in the evening in the Pen-
sion building.

The venerable Ex-President Hamlin was in attendance-
at the inaugural ceremonies.

WILLIAM McKINLEY
Ohio
J843
O such display has been witnessed on any-
similar occasion in the past as on the celebra-
tion of the inauguration of President-elect
McKinley on March 4, J897, The inaugu-
ral ceremony was a model of simplicity, and
symbolized well the democracy of the Union, Party senti-
ment was absent to a greater degree than ever before*
Features of the pageant were the perfect balance between
its constrasting parts and the high order of skill in handling
the military and civic divisions of the parade. General
Horace Porter officiated as grand marshal. About 10 J5
o'clock a, m. the President-elect and Vice-President-elect
were escorted to the White House where they were received
by President Cleveland, Shortly afterwards the presidential
party was conducted from the Executive Mansion to the head
of the first division of the procession which had been formed,.
In an open carriage were seated President Qeveland^
President - elect McKinley and Senators Sherman and
Mitchell, Preceding as a personal escort was the Black
Horse Troop of Qeveland, Ohio, and following came the
one hundred veterans of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers,.
The speciafly mounted aids were the five Ex-Presidents'
sons. About 12,20 p, m. President Cleveland and Presi-
dent-elect McKinley entered the Senate Chamber where
Vice-President-elect Hobart was sworn into office. Later
President-elect McKinley was conducted to the east portico
of the Capitol where he delivered his inaugural address after
the oath of office had been administered by Chief Justice
M, W» Fufler. The procession was reviewed by President
McKinley from a stand in front of the White House on his
return from the inaugural ceremonies.

At night the inaugural ball was held in the Pension
building.

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